For decades, the United States has maintained global leadership in fundamental research and applied science by investing in research to answer questions of greatest concern to our health and well-being and the advancement of society. Federal science funding has powered breakthroughs that shape our daily lives. These advances often begin with long-term research investments that can take decades to deliver real-world impact. A proposed rule by the Trump Administration’s Office of Management and Budget (OMB) puts American scientific progress, leadership, and implementation at risk.