SEC v. Lucia is an extraordinary case in several respects.  First, it is an Appointments Clause case.  When I worked in the Office of Legal Counsel (from 1993-1997), we handled Appointments Clause issues on an at least weekly basis.  In striking contrast, the Supreme Court has only rarely opined on the meaning of the Clause.  […]

Let me begin with a confession: I’m not an expert on the meaning of the Appointments Clause. Of course, because I teach administrative law, I know the basics — I’ve read the leading cases and even some law review articles. Even so, I approach this symposium as a layman, not an expert. Yet even as […]

The Supreme Court is poised to hear arguments in Raymond J. Lucia v. SEC on Monday, April 23, 2018. The sole issue for which cert was granted is whether administrative law judges (ALJs) of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) are officers of the United States within the meaning of the Federal Constitution’s appointments clause. […]

Starting today, for the next two weeks the Notice & Comment blog will run a symposium addressing the Supreme Court’s upcoming consideration of the constitutionality of hiring procedures for administrative law judges in the Securities and Exchange Commission. On Monday, April 23, the Supreme Court will hear oral argument in Lucia v. SEC, which raises […]

If the Supreme Court decides in Lucia v. SEC that the SEC’s administrative law judges are officers, what are the implications on other cases at the SEC (or similarly situated agencies)? The effect will likely differ depending on whether other cases have become final or are still pending before the agency or a court. Here, […]

In February, I submitted an amicus brief to the Supreme Court in the case Lucia v. SEC, arguing that the original public meaning of the term “Officer(s) of the United States” referred to any government employee exercising non-negligible federal power. While I submitted the brief on behalf of a fifteen corpus linguistics scholars, in a […]